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Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Published on: June 16, 2014
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Frailty and Its Progression With Cardiovascular Disease Risk With Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Stages 1
Qianrong Zheng1, Jiaxin Shao1, Jiayi Teng1
1College of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
JACC. Advances
|October 30, 2025
Summary
Frailty progression and remaining frail significantly increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome stages 1-3. Improving frailty did not lower CVD risk, highlighting frailty as a key risk factor.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Cardiology
- Nephrology
- Metabolic Health
Background:
- Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome involves complex interactions between cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic systems.
- The impact of frailty and its progression on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in early CKM stages is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between frailty progression and CVD risk in individuals within CKM stages 1 to 3.
- To clarify the prognostic significance of frailty dynamics in this population.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).
- Assessed frailty using the Rockwood frailty index (robust, prefrail, frail) and tracked changes (sustained robust, progression, improvement, sustained nonrobust).
- Employed Cox proportional hazard models to analyze CVD risk associated with frailty status and progression.
Main Results:
- Pre-frail and frail individuals had significantly higher CVD risk compared to robust individuals.
- Transitioning to a non-robust state, particularly sustained non-robustness, was associated with substantially increased CVD risk.
- Frailty improvement did not show a significant impact on CVD risk.
Conclusions:
- Frailty progression and a sustained non-robust state are significant risk factors for CVD in CKM stages 1-3.
- Frailty improvement did not mitigate CVD risk in this cohort.
- Highlights the critical role of frailty in CVD risk, underscoring the need for early detection and intervention strategies.
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