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Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...

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Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Agrobacterium-Mediated Genetic Transformation, Transgenic Production, and Its Application for the Study of Male Reproductive Development in Rice

Agrobacterium-Mediated Genetic Transformation, Transgenic Production, and Its Application for the Study of Male Reproductive Development in Rice

Published on: October 6, 2020

Engineering Synthetic Apomixis in Hybrid Rice.

Donaldo Meynard^1,2, Aurore Vernet^1,2, Imtiyaz Khanday^3,4

¹CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Montpellier, France.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|October 30, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists engineered synthetic apomixis in rice, enabling clonal seeds from F1 hybrids. This breakthrough bypasses traditional breeding, revolutionizing agriculture by creating self-propagating hybrid seeds.

Keywords:

BABY BOOM CRISPR/Cas9 Hybrid rice MiMe Synthetic apomixis

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Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes

Published on: February 14, 2020

Area of Science:

Plant genetics and breeding
Agricultural biotechnology
Reproductive biology

Background:

Apomixis, clonal reproduction via seeds, offers potential for stable F1 hybrids in crops.
Previous attempts to transfer apomixis from wild species to crops have been unsuccessful.
Engineering apomixis mimics natural gametophytic diplosporous apomixis.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a highly efficient method for achieving synthetic apomixis in crop plants.
To enable the production of clonal F1 hybrid seeds, revolutionizing crop propagation.
To describe methods for generating and verifying synthetic apomictic events.

Main Methods:

Designed an 'all-in-one' T-DNA construct for rice transformation.
Utilized CRISPR-Cas9 to create a Mitosis instead of Meiosis (MiMe) triple mutant, eliminating meiosis.
Introduced a BABY BOOM1 (BBM1) transcription factor under an egg cell-specific promoter for parthenogenesis.

Main Results:

Achieved high-frequency (95-100%) synthetic apomixis in rice using the T-DNA construct.
Successfully generated synthetic apomictic events in three additional F1 hybrid rice lines.
Developed methods for analyzing MiMe mutations and confirming apomictic progeny through BBM1 expression.

Conclusions:

The 'all-in-one' T-DNA method is highly efficient for inducing synthetic apomixis in rice.
This engineered apomixis enables the production of true-breeding F1 hybrid seeds.
The technology holds significant promise for revolutionizing agriculture and crop breeding.