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Gout in the "Anonymus Parisinus"
Natale Gaspare De Santo1, Luca S De Santo2, Carmela Bisaccia3
1University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy. natalegaspare.desanto@unicampania.it.
Journal of Nephrology
|October 30, 2025
Summary
This study analyzes the "Anonymus Parisinus" manuscript to understand gout knowledge between ancient Greece and the Renaissance. It reveals ancient attributions to humors and early therapeutic approaches for gout.
Area of Science:
- Medical History
- Classical Antiquity Studies
Background:
- Gout knowledge is traced through historical medical texts, including the first-century CE "Anonymus Parisinus Darembergii sive Fuchsii" manuscript.
- This review aims to establish the timeline of gout understanding from the Corpus Hippocraticum to the Renaissance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the "Anonymus Parisinus" treatise for insights into gout understanding.
- To situate the knowledge of gout within the historical context bridging ancient Greek medicine and the Renaissance.
Main Methods:
- The study utilized the 1997 Leiden critical edition of "Anonymi Medici. De Morbis acutis et chronicis", unifying four manuscripts.
- Analysis focused on the 945-word section on gout, examining its described causes, signs, and therapy.
Main Results:
- Gout causes were attributed to "Ancients"' theories of bilious humors and phlegm.
- Signs included inflammation and severe pain, often starting in the great toe (podagra) but potentially affecting other joints (arthritis).
- Therapy involved bloodletting, dietary changes, and avoiding specific foods and activities.
Conclusions:
- The "Anonymus Parisinus" provides a comprehensive view of gout understanding in the period between the Corpus Hippocraticum and Galen.
- This manuscript is crucial for understanding the evolution of medical knowledge on gout during antiquity.
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