Ventricular Assist Devices and Other Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices: Types, Complications, and Updates

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Medical Devices
• Radiology

Background:

• Mechanical circulatory support devices (MCSDs) are essential for advanced heart failure and cardiopulmonary conditions.
• Temporary and long-term MCSDs provide critical circulatory and respiratory support.
• These devices are used for cardiogenic shock, refractory heart failure, and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the types and indications of MCSDs.
• To describe normal imaging appearances and common complications.
• To highlight the role of imaging in MCSD management and discuss technological advancements.

Main Methods:

• Review of temporary and long-term MCSDs, including VADs and TAHs.
• Discussion of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
• Emphasis on imaging modalities (echocardiography, CT) for device assessment and complication identification.

Main Results:

• MCSDs have revolutionized heart failure management but carry risks.
• Imaging is integral for device placement, function assessment, and complication detection.
• Advancements in third-generation continuous-flow VADs and TAH systems improve outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Optimal management of MCSDs relies on vigilant monitoring and appropriate imaging.
• Ongoing vigilance in device selection, implantation, and monitoring is necessary due to recalls and regulatory updates.
• Imaging plays a pivotal role in optimizing patient care with MCSDs.