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Related Concept Videos

P-N junction01:11

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer
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Small-Molecule Donor/Polymer Acceptor-Based Organic Solar Cells Achieve >10% Efficiency.

Dashun Huang1, Zhihao Chen2, Wenchao Zhao3

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|October 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Reverse thermal annealing combined with conventional thermal annealing (RTA&TA) effectively optimizes morphology in small-molecule donor/polymer acceptor organic solar cells. This method enhances device performance, achieving over 10% power conversion efficiency by reducing aggregation and improving charge transport.

Keywords:
aggregation suppressionmorphology controlorganic solar cellsreverse thermal annealingsmall-molecule donor/polymer acceptor

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Photovoltaics

Background:

  • Small-molecule donor/polymer acceptor (SD/PA) systems offer morphological stability in organic solar cells (OSCs).
  • Excessive aggregation of small-molecule donors (SDs) in SD/PA systems hinders exciton dissociation and charge transport, limiting device efficiency.
  • Optimizing morphology is crucial for enhancing the performance of SD/PA-based OSCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of a combined reverse thermal annealing and conventional thermal annealing (RTA&TA) post-treatment on the morphology of BTR-Cl/PY-IT-based SD/PA-OSCs.
  • To elucidate how RTA&TA treatment influences SD aggregation and film morphology.
  • To correlate morphological changes with improvements in device performance.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a novel RTA&TA post-treatment strategy for SD/PA-OSC fabrication.
  • Morphological characterization to analyze domain size and aggregation.
  • Device performance testing to evaluate power conversion efficiency (PCE) and fill factor (FF).

Main Results:

  • RTA&TA treatment effectively suppressed SD aggregation, reducing domain size from 73.92 nm to 52.80 nm.
  • Morphological refinement led to enhanced exciton dissociation efficiency and accelerated charge transfer.
  • Recombination losses were suppressed, resulting in a significant increase in PCE to over 10% and FF from 49.49% to 55.69%.

Conclusions:

  • The RTA&TA post-treatment is a highly effective strategy for optimizing the morphology of SD/PA-based OSCs.
  • This approach successfully mitigates SD aggregation issues, leading to substantial performance enhancements.
  • RTA&TA offers a promising pathway for developing high-performance organic solar cells.