A Comprehensive Review of Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias

Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) are a distinct group of primary headache disorders characterized by unilateral pain and autonomic symptoms such as tearing, nasal congestion, and ptosis. This article provides an in-depth review of the different TAC subtypes, including cluster headache, short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing, short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with cranial autonomic features, paroxysmal hemicrania, and hemicrania continua, highlighting their unique clinical features and treatment responses. Early recognition is essential for prompt intervention, as proper diagnosis leads to targeted therapies that significantly improve patient outcomes and quality of life.