The Current Scope of Surgery in Antarctica

Humankind's historical footprint on the continent of Antarctica now spans nearly 130 years. Since the first expedition, surgical care has remained both a necessity and a challenge. Residence in Antarctica is made difficult by unforgiving terrain and a long, isolating winter season. Survival requires strategic allocation of resources and personnel. Surgical emergencies and consultations on residential bases arise in the forms of traumatic injuries and atraumatic illnesses. Medical evacuation is considered dangerous and therefore reserved for critical cases. As such, medical professionals (both surgeons and non-surgeons) must be prepared to provide life-saving surgical care.