Bariatric Surgery: Managing Complications and Emerging Technologies

Obesity constitutes health crisis, and bariatric surgery provides durable treatment for severe obesity and its comorbidities. Advances in minimally invasive techniques-laparoscopic, robotic, and endoscopic-have widened eligibility, reduced morbidity, expanded options for high-risk patients. In United States, sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and duodenal switch (including single-anastomosis duodenoileostomy with sleeve) are the procedures, with bands now rare. Postoperative complications are classified by time of onset (early vs late) and urgency (nonemergent vs emergent). Evaluation uses tachycardia as a sign, labs, computed tomography with contrast, upper gastrointestinal studies, endoscopy, and indocyanine green perfusion when indicated.