Prevalence of bronchiectasis: a narrative review

Area of Science:

• Pulmonology
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory condition defined by irreversible bronchial dilation, leading to chronic inflammation, cough, sputum, and recurrent infections.
• This condition significantly impacts quality of life and increases healthcare utilization, with global prevalence rates varying widely.
• Recent decades show a rising prevalence, attributed to enhanced awareness and diagnostic capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of bronchiectasis prevalence, risk factors, and disease burden.
• To highlight the disproportionate impact on specific populations, such as First Nations communities.
• To emphasize the need for identifying individuals at risk for severe disease and prioritizing clinical assessment.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of existing epidemiological studies on bronchiectasis.
• Analysis of demographic data, comorbidities, and risk factors associated with bronchiectasis.
• Examination of the impact of socioeconomic factors and specific health issues in vulnerable groups.

Main Results:

• Global prevalence of bronchiectasis ranges from 52.5 to 1248.7 per 100,000, with a notable increase over the past 25 years.
• The condition is more common in older females and associated with numerous comorbidities like COPD, asthma, and cardiovascular disease.
• First Nations populations, particularly those in rural areas with socioeconomic disadvantage, face a higher burden, earlier diagnosis, and worse outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Bronchiectasis prevalence is increasing, necessitating better risk stratification and management strategies.
• Targeted interventions are required for high-risk groups, including First Nations populations, to mitigate disease severity and mortality.
• Increased incidental detection through lung cancer screening will likely increase healthcare system burden, underscoring the need for proactive assessment.