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Safe Patient Handling Musculoskeletal Injury-Prevention Smartphone App for Community Health Care Workers: Mixed
Alfred S Y Lee1, Sarah Burrell2, Sandy Courtnall1
1Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
Background:
Safe patient handling is critical for reducing musculoskeletal injuries among health care workers; yet, community health care workers often face barriers such as limited access to training and real-time resources.
Objective:
This study had three objectives: (1) provide detailed insights into the unmet needs of Island Health community health care workers with respect to safe patient handling resources and access to information, (2) translate those needs into a user-centered prototype of the Safe Patient Handling Musculoskeletal Injury-Prevention (SPH MSIP) smartphone app through an iterative co-design process, and (3) establish the acceptability and feasibility of SPH MSIP app to support community health care workers' safe patient handling practices using a mixed methods design.
Methods:
A 3-phase participatory study was conducted. Phase 1 identified unmet safe patient handling needs through participatory meetings with 6 community health care workers, aligning with objective 1. Phase 2 involved developing the SPH MSIP app using co-design methods, integrating user feedback to address challenges such as guidance for high-risk tasks and intuitive design, addressing objective 2. Phase 3 evaluated the app's feasibility and acceptability, aligning with objective 3. The study recruited 28 participants who used the app for one month. A single-group mixed methods design was used, incorporating quantitative metrics such as recruitment (≥50%), retention (≥75%), and satisfaction (mean score ≥4). Qualitative feedback was gathered through small-group interviews to understand usability, usefulness, and integration into workflows.
Results:
In phase 1, community health care workers identified barriers, including limited safe patient handling, refresher training, and isolation during tasks. In phase 2, the app was developed to address these safe patient handling needs, incorporating features like scenario-specific guidance for high-risk tasks. In phase 3, the app exceeded success criteria for recruitment, retention, and satisfaction, with participants highlighting its usefulness, usability, and adoption. Qualitative feedback emphasized the app's practical value as a real-time resource, particularly its step-by-step guidance and user-friendly design.
Conclusions:
This study met its objectives, highlighting the SPH MSIP app's potential to address community health care workers' unmet safe patient handling needs and improve support in real time patient handling scenarios. While the findings suggest strong feasibility and acceptability, future research should focus on large-scale, extended effectiveness trials to evaluate the app's impact on reducing musculoskeletal injury rates and improving patient care outcomes.
