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[Interpretation of the WHO guidance for best practices for clinical trials and its implications for China]

Y M Huang1, R Z Wang2, W Zhang3

  • 1Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine]
|October 18, 2026
PubMed

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Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
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Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

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