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JawLink: An In-Ear Optical Interface for Orofacial Movement Monitoring and Speech Detection.

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    This study introduces a novel in-ear sensing system for hands-free speech detection. The technology accurately identifies speech intent by analyzing ear canal tissue deformation, paving the way for advanced voice prostheses.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Assistive Technology
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Current voice prostheses (tracheoesophageal prosthesis, electrolarynx) require manual activation, limiting user autonomy.
    • Restoring natural, hands-free speech control after total laryngectomy is a significant challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate an in-ear proximity sensing approach for hands-free detection of speech intent.
    • To leverage soft tissue deformation in the ear canal during mandibular motion for speech detection.
    • To develop a system for real-time, hands-free control of voice prostheses.

    Main Methods:

    • Ten healthy participants were fitted with custom ear devices containing infrared sensors.
    • Infrared signals recorded ear canal deformation during speech and non-speech tasks.
    • Signal preprocessing included filtering and wavelet transforms, followed by feature extraction and machine learning classification (boosted trees, neural networks).

    Main Results:

    • The system detected consistent pre- and post-phonatory activation phases, indicating articulatory intent.
    • Speech detection achieved an average F1 score of 84.04% ± 4.48% using cross-validation.
    • Distinguishing speech from non-speech activities (chewing, yawning) yielded a high F1 score of 94.49% ± 2.49%.

    Conclusions:

    • In-ear deformation signals can robustly detect speech intent in healthy individuals.
    • This technology enables hands-free control of voice prostheses, enhancing usability.
    • The discreet, wearable system offers a promising assistive communication solution for patients with voice impairments.