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Cancer-related neuropsychiatric disorders

Juan Manuel Duarte¹, Marcelo Fabián Garro², María Eugenia Basile³

¹Médico Neurólogo. División Neuropsicofarmacología, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Neurociencias, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina.. duarte@fmed.uba.ar.

Vertex (Buenos Aires, Argentina)

|October 31, 2025

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This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer can impair cognitive function even before treatment, leading to accelerated aging. Mechanisms include inflammation, neurotoxicity, and hormonal imbalances, impacting temporal lobe function and cognitive reserves.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Oncology
Cognitive Science

Background:

Cognitive function impairment is observed in cancer patients prior to chemotherapy.
Cancer accelerates biological and cognitive aging by reducing reserves.
Temporal lobe dysfunction arises from systemic inflammation, neurotoxicity, and hormonal axis dysregulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the multifaceted mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction in cancer patients.
To review neurophysiological and neuroimaging evidence of cognitive alterations.
To discuss paraneoplastic syndromes and non-pharmacological treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

Review of neurophysiological studies (event-related potentials).
Analysis of structural and functional neuroimaging data.

Keywords:

cancer cognition inflammation kynurenine paraneoplastic

Related Experiment Videos

Examination of systemic inflammation, kynurenine pathway, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, exosomes, and melatonin pathways.

Main Results:

Systemic inflammation contributes to neurotoxicity via the kynurenine pathway.
Genetic/epigenetic changes mediated by exosomes affect oxidative stress proteins.
Neuropsychological alterations are evidenced by event-related potentials and neuroimaging.
Paraneoplastic syndromes, identified by onconeural antibodies, present distinct CNS dysfunction patterns.

Conclusions:

Cognitive dysfunction in cancer is multifactorial, involving inflammation, neurotoxicity, and hormonal changes.
Non-pharmacological interventions like physical activity, CBT, and mindfulness are key treatments.
Prophylactic escitalopram is suggested for specific head and neck cancer patients.