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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates these...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...

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Quantifying Cognitive Decrements Caused by Cranial Radiotherapy
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Published on: October 18, 2011

Cancer-related neuropsychiatric disorders

Juan Manuel Duarte1, Marcelo Fabián Garro2, María Eugenia Basile3

  • 1Médico Neurólogo. División Neuropsicofarmacología, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Neurociencias, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina.. duarte@fmed.uba.ar.

Vertex (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
|October 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Cancer can impair cognitive function even before treatment, leading to accelerated aging. Mechanisms include inflammation, neurotoxicity, and hormonal imbalances, impacting temporal lobe function and cognitive reserves.

Keywords:
cancercognitioninflammationkynurenineparaneoplastic

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Oncology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Cognitive function impairment is observed in cancer patients prior to chemotherapy.
  • Cancer accelerates biological and cognitive aging by reducing reserves.
  • Temporal lobe dysfunction arises from systemic inflammation, neurotoxicity, and hormonal axis dysregulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction in cancer patients.
  • To review neurophysiological and neuroimaging evidence of cognitive alterations.
  • To discuss paraneoplastic syndromes and non-pharmacological treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neurophysiological studies (event-related potentials).
  • Analysis of structural and functional neuroimaging data.
  • Examination of systemic inflammation, kynurenine pathway, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, exosomes, and melatonin pathways.

Main Results:

  • Systemic inflammation contributes to neurotoxicity via the kynurenine pathway.
  • Genetic/epigenetic changes mediated by exosomes affect oxidative stress proteins.
  • Neuropsychological alterations are evidenced by event-related potentials and neuroimaging.
  • Paraneoplastic syndromes, identified by onconeural antibodies, present distinct CNS dysfunction patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive dysfunction in cancer is multifactorial, involving inflammation, neurotoxicity, and hormonal changes.
  • Non-pharmacological interventions like physical activity, CBT, and mindfulness are key treatments.
  • Prophylactic escitalopram is suggested for specific head and neck cancer patients.