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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

503
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
503

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Protocol for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Symptom Provocation to Treat Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
11:11

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Published on: November 25, 2025

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Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review,

Maria Madalena Correia Figueiredo1, Raissa Miranda de Alexandria Fonseca2, Danniely Rodrigues de Oliveira1

  • 1Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.

Revista Brasileira De Psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)
|October 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) shows efficacy in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), with sustained effects observed. However, the overall clinical impact is minimal, necessitating optimized protocols for better outcomes.

Keywords:
Obsessive-compulsive disordersystematic reviewtranscranial magnetic stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating mental health condition with limited treatment options.
  • Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a potential non-invasive neuromodulation technique for OCD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide updated evidence on the efficacy of rTMS for OCD.
  • To assess the sustained effects of rTMS treatment.
  • To identify moderators influencing treatment response in OCD patients.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of 31 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted.
  • Searches included major bibliographic databases, with data analyzed up to September 2024.
  • Effect sizes were calculated using mean differences on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), with risk of bias assessed using RoB 2.

Main Results:

  • rTMS demonstrated significant reductions in OCD symptoms, particularly when targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and medial prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex.
  • Effective frequencies ranged from less than 1 Hz to over 5 Hz, while continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) was not effective.
  • While rTMS reduced Y-BOCS scores, the mean reduction was below the minimal clinically important difference. The number needed to treat for response was 6, with good tolerability and sustained effects from baseline to follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • rTMS is an effective treatment for OCD, especially with specific targets and frequencies, but its mean clinical impact is negligible.
  • The study highlights the need for optimized rTMS protocols and pragmatic maintenance strategies to enhance clinical effectiveness.
  • Baseline symptom severity was identified as a moderator of outcomes, underscoring the importance of patient-specific treatment approaches.