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Bell Nonlocality in Quantum Networks with Unreliable Sources: Loophole-Free Postelection via Self-Testing
Sadra Boreiri1, Nicolas Brunner1, Pavel Sekatski1
1University of Geneva, Department of Applied Physics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
Physical Review Letters
|October 31, 2025
Summary
This study introduces a method to discard inconclusive data in quantum networks, ensuring reliable Bell nonlocality tests even with unreliable sources. This advances device-independent randomness generation by closing loopholes.
Area of Science:
- Quantum Information Science
- Quantum Communication Networks
- Foundations of Quantum Mechanics
Background:
- Bell nonlocality is crucial for quantum information processing.
- Unreliable quantum sources introduce loopholes in Bell tests.
- Fair-sampling and detection loopholes are key challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a condition for safely discarding inconclusive events in quantum networks.
- To characterize the fair-sampling property for network measurements.
- To avoid the detection loophole in device-independent protocols.
Main Methods:
- Formal characterization of the fair-sampling property in a network setting.
- Analysis of postselection of conclusive outcomes and source independence.
- Proving saturation of the Finner inequality as a self-test for quantum models.
Main Results:
- A data condition is derived to safely discard inconclusive events without loopholes.
- Fair-sampling property ensures postselection doesn't compromise source independence.
- Finner inequality saturation acts as a self-test for the quantum model.
Conclusions:
- The study provides a method to ensure the validity of Bell tests with unreliable sources.
- Results improve device-independent randomness generation in photonic Bell tests and triangle networks.
- The work offers a path towards more robust quantum network protocols.
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