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Association between constipation and inguinal hernia: a case-control study in an adult population
Giorgia Mostacero-Rojas1, Jose Antonio Caballero-Alvarado1,2, Katherine Lozano-Peralta1
1Antenor Orrego Private University, Faculty of Medicine - Trujillo, La Libertad, Peru.
Background:
Inguinal hernia is the most frequently diagnosed hernia and affects approximately one-third of the male population. Several risk factors have been identified, including advanced age, limited physical activity, smoking, and increased intra-abdominal pressure, among others.
Aims:
The aim of the study was to determine whether constipation is a risk factor for inguinal hernia in the adult population.
Methods:
A case-control study was conducted at the Department of Surgery of one hospital in the north of Peru, including 121 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of inguinal hernia as cases and 242 patients without such a diagnosis as controls. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and data were collected through individual interviews using a structured questionnaire that addressed clinical aspects, lifestyles, and the presence of constipation, assessed according to the Rome IV criteria.
Results:
The results revealed significant differences between the groups of patients with and without inguinal hernia in terms of age, sex, and anthropometric characteristics. In addition, statistically significant associations were found between the presence of an inguinal hernia and type 2 diabetes, smoking, and constipation. A multivariate analysis showed that age, male sex, body mass index, high blood pressure, and constipation were significant and independent factors associated with the presence of inguinal hernia.
Conclusions:
Constipation is a significant risk factor for inguinal hernia in the adult population. These results support the importance of considering constipation as a risk factor in the evaluation and management of patients with inguinal hernia, highlighting the relevance of adequate clinical care in this group of patients.
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