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Updated: Jan 12, 2026
19:15
Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
Published on: August 25, 2014
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Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Moderate to Late Preterm Infants: A Population at Risk
Rachel H Goode1, Kendell R German2, Dennis Z Kuo3
1Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medicine Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
Neoreviews
|October 31, 2025
Summary
Moderate to late preterm (MLPT) infants, born between 32-36 weeks, face developmental and behavioral risks. This review examines their outcomes, neonatal care, and neurodevelopmental impacts.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Medicine
- Developmental Pediatrics
- Public Health
Background:
- Preterm birth affects an estimated 10% of the population.
- Moderate to late preterm (MLPT) infants (32–36 weeks gestation) comprise 75% of preterm births.
- MLPT infants often receive less follow-up care compared to extremely preterm infants, despite emerging evidence of developmental risks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the epidemiology of outcomes for MLPT infants.
- To analyze factors influencing neonatal care for MLPT infants compared to term and extremely preterm peers.
- To examine neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes associated with MLPT birth.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of epidemiological data.
- Comparative analysis of neonatal care practices.
- Synthesis of studies on neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes.
Main Results:
- MLPT infants are at increased risk for developmental differences and disorders.
- Behavioral and emotional differences are noted in MLPT populations.
- There is a recognized need for enhanced parenting support for families of MLPT infants.
Conclusions:
- MLPT birth is associated with significant neurodevelopmental and behavioral challenges.
- Tailored medical and developmental follow-up is crucial for MLPT infants.
- Further research and targeted interventions are needed to support this vulnerable population.
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