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Shared postprandial gene expression signatures: a systematic review and quantitative data synthesis.

Faezeh Abaj1,2, Gary Williamson1,2,3, Aimee L Dordevic1,2

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Metabolic flexibility is key to health. This review found common gene expression patterns after meals, regardless of meal type, suggesting a universal response to eating rather than specific nutrients.

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolomics and Genomics
  • Systems Biology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Metabolic flexibility, the ability to adapt to nutrient intake, is crucial for metabolic health.
  • Postprandial (after-meal) responses involve complex changes across multiple biological levels.
  • Understanding these responses at the gene expression level is vital for metabolic health assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and integrate transcriptomic data from studies assessing postprandial gene expression.
  • To identify common gene expression signatures following different types of meals.
  • To compare postprandial gene expression with fasting levels.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review combining raw data from 14 studies (13 datasets).
  • Analysis of gene expression at 2, 4, and 6 hours postprandial.
  • Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and multivariate integrative analysis (MINT.sPLS).

Main Results:

  • Identified 36, 711, and 12 common postprandial genes at 2, 4, and 6 hours, respectively.
  • GO analysis revealed immune response (2h), cellular regulation, autophagy, phosphorus metabolism, stress response (4h), and circadian regulation (6h).
  • Multivariate analysis suggested a common transcriptomic signature of eating, not specific macronutrient effects.

Conclusions:

  • Despite varied study designs and meals, common postprandial gene expression patterns exist.
  • These findings highlight a shared transcriptomic response to the act of eating.
  • This research aids future studies on metabolic flexibility in conditions like obesity and insulin resistance.