Manipulating microRNAs to enhance biomass yield and biofuel production

Woody biomass is a vital carbon sink and biofuel feedstock, but lignocellulosic ethanol production faces cell wall recalcitrance. miRNA-mediated cell wall bioengineering presents an efficient and promising approach to address the high costs associated with biofuel production. In this review, we examine the critical role of miRNAs in plants, with a particular focus on woody species. We systematically analyzed the internal factors influencing biofuel production from an integrated perspective of plant science and chemical basis. Notably, we proposed a schematic framework for miRNA-mediated cell wall engineering, to reduce lignocellulosic recalcitrance and enhance biomass accumulation. Finally, we highlight key questions and suggest potential procedures for the manipulation of miRNAs to facilitate the efficient utilization of forestry-derived biofuels.