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Lithium diffusion-controlled Li-Al alloy negative electrode for all-solid-state battery.

Yuju Jeon1, Dong Ju Lee1, Hongkui Zheng2

  • 1Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

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|November 1, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lithium-aluminum alloy electrodes offer high capacity for solid-state batteries. This study reveals that lithium-rich β-LiAl phases enable rapid lithium transport, overcoming degradation challenges for stable, high-rate performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Metal alloys are promising for lithium all-solid-state batteries due to high capacity and low cost.
  • Challenges include chemo-mechanical degradation and limited solid-state ion transport.
  • Understanding diffusion mechanisms in lithium-aluminum alloys is crucial for electrode design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and investigate lithium-aluminum alloy negative electrodes for all-solid-state batteries.
  • To elucidate the role of lithium diffusion within different phases of the Li-Al alloy.
  • To achieve high-rate capability and long-term stability in full cells.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated lithium diffusion mechanisms in lithium-poor α (LixAl1, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) and lithium-rich β (0.95 ≤ x ≤ 1) phases.
  • Fabricated lithium-aluminum alloy electrodes with dense structures and intimate electrolyte interfaces.
  • Assembled and tested LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2-based full cells with the developed electrodes.

Main Results:

  • Lithium-rich β-LiAl phases act as highly conductive channels, exhibiting diffusion coefficients ten orders of magnitude higher than the α phase.
  • Achieved a high-rate capability of 7 mA cm-2 in full-cell operation.
  • The optimal Li0.5Al1 || LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 configuration demonstrated stable cycling over 2000 cycles with 83% capacity retention at 4 mA cm-2.

Conclusions:

  • Lithium-aluminum alloys, particularly those rich in lithium, significantly enhance lithium-ion transport in all-solid-state batteries.
  • The developed electrode design overcomes key degradation and transport limitations, enabling high-rate and stable battery performance.
  • This work provides a pathway for advanced alloy negative electrodes in next-generation solid-state batteries.