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Gene expression and gray matter volume changes in Post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction: a transcriptomic-neuroimaging

Jixin Luan1,2, Tianyang Li2,3, Xiaolin Zhou4

  • 1Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction (PCOD) is linked to brain changes. Increased gray matter volume in the entorhinal cortex correlates with smell loss, involving specific gene expression and GABAergic neurons.

Keywords:
COVID-19Cellular decodingGene transcriptionGray matter volumeOlfactory dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genomics
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction (PCOD) is a common sequela of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Structural brain alterations have been observed in PCOD patients, but molecular mechanisms are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between gray matter volume (GMV) changes and gene expression patterns in patients with PCOD.
  • To identify specific biological pathways and cell types involved in the pathophysiology of PCOD.

Main Methods:

  • 36 PCOD patients and 40 healthy controls underwent olfactory psychophysical testing (Sniffin' Sticks) and visual analogue scale (VAS) assessment.
  • Gray matter volume (GMV) was analyzed across 34 brain regions.
  • Spearman's correlation, partial least squares regression (PLS), and gene set enrichment analysis were employed.

Main Results:

  • PCOD patients exhibited increased GMV in the entorhinal cortex, positively correlated with olfactory function scores (VAS and Sniffin' Sticks).
  • PLS analysis revealed significant associations between regional GMV changes and specific gene expression patterns.
  • Enrichment analysis identified "inorganic ion transmembrane transport" and "regulation of protein transport" as key biological processes, with high gene expression in GABAergic neurons.

Conclusions:

  • Altered brain structure in PCOD is mechanistically linked to specific gene expression profiles.
  • The findings highlight the role of inorganic ion and protein transport pathways, and GABAergic neurons in PCOD pathophysiology.
  • This study provides novel insights into the molecular underpinnings of olfactory dysfunction following COVID-19.