[Three-dimensional modeling and printing in the instrumentation of arthroplasty]

Over the past decade, three-dimensional design and printing have been used in the field of joint arthroplasty. Planning softwares based on CT or MRI scans provide a more accurate representation of the joints than previously used two-dimensional imaging techniques, allowing more precise surgical planning. Compared to radiography-based software, the difference is significant in the fields of hip, knee, and shoulder arthroplasties as well. With the integration of artificial intelligence, the precision of planning softwares has improved significantly, and their development is still ongoing. Accurate planning substantially reduces surgical time, thereby mitigating numerous intraoperative risks. Using three-dimensional printing, surgical models can be created, allowing the surgeon to examine an exact replica of the joint requiring arthroplasty before the operation. Trial surgeries can also be performed on these models. Sterilizable plastic materials can be used to print custom-designed surgical templates or instruments for patients, aiding a precise execution of the well-planned surgery. With specialized printers, sterilizable titanium implants can also be manufactured, offering personalized, long-term solutions even in cases of severe bone deficiency. Although the duration and cost of three-dimensional printing are currently significant, its use enables the treatment of patients who would otherwise be deemed inoperable. The expected implant survival being relatively high, the patient can potentially avoid future revision surgeries. Based on all these factors, in some cases, this technology may represent the optimal therapeutic choice for both the patient and the healthcare system. Orv Hetil. 2025; 166(44): 1730–1735.