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Latent Multimodal Profiles Associated With Psychosis-Like Experiences at Follow-Up.

Eirini Zoupou1, Nicole R Karcher2, Joshua J Jackson1

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Two distinct youth profiles predict persistent psychosis-like experiences (PLEs), indicating different neurodevelopmental and affective risk pathways for psychosis. These findings aid in identifying at-risk youth.

Keywords:
ABCD StudyLatent profile analysisPsychosis pathwaysPsychosis riskPsychosis-like experiences

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Area of Science:

  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Psychopathology Research

Background:

  • Persistent, distressing psychosis-like experiences (PLEs) in youth are linked to significant impairment and increased psychosis risk.
  • Differentiating these from transient, non-distressing PLEs is crucial for early intervention.
  • Understanding underlying factors can inform targeted support for vulnerable youth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify baseline latent profiles differentiating youth with persistent/distressing PLEs from others.
  • To determine if baseline profile membership predicts later psychopathology and functional outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Latent profile analysis of a large adolescent cohort (N=11,724) using diverse baseline indicators.
  • Generalized mixed effects models to predict follow-up outcomes based on profile membership.

Main Results:

  • Two key profiles emerged, associated with higher externalizing symptoms and psychosis family history.
  • One profile showed broader psychopathology and affective dysregulation; the other had low neurocognition, schizophrenia-like brain patterns, and socioeconomic disadvantage.
  • Both profiles predicted more persistent, distressing PLEs at follow-up, with shared and distinct outcome associations.

Conclusions:

  • These two profiles may represent distinct neurodevelopmental and affective pathways to psychosis risk in youth.
  • One pathway involves cognitive and environmental vulnerabilities; the other involves genetic risk, stress, and emotion dysregulation.
  • Findings highlight the heterogeneity of psychosis risk and inform personalized intervention strategies.