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New Insights from Toxinology in Mammalian Reproduction: A Systematic Review
Gabriel Acácio de Moura1,2, Yasmin Mendes Rocha1,2, João Pedro Viana Rodrigues2
1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Universidade Federal do Ceará - Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
|November 2, 2025
Summary
Animal venoms show potential in modulating reproductive cells like oocytes and spermatozoa. Further research into these natural compounds could enhance assisted reproductive techniques and fertility treatments.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Biology
- Toxicology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) face challenges in embryonic development and clinical pregnancy success.
- Animal venoms offer a rich source of bioactive compounds with potential to influence cellular mechanisms relevant to reproduction.
- Understanding venom activity on germ cells is crucial for exploring novel reproductive therapies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and computationally screen the activity of natural venoms and their derivatives on germ cells (oocytes, spermatozoa, embryos).
- To evaluate the potential of venoms as modulators of reproductive processes.
- To identify potential molecular interactions with hormonal pathways.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.
- Inclusion of experimental studies on oocytes, spermatozoa, or embryos (in vitro/in vivo).
- Exclusion of review articles, letters, abstracts, books, and out-of-scope studies.
- Data extraction on venom type, source, model, effects, mechanisms, and administration routes.
- Methodological quality assessment using funnel plots, forest plots, and the SYRCLE tool.
- Computational screening targeting hormonal receptors.
Main Results:
- Nineteen studies met eligibility criteria from 584 analyzed articles.
- Snake venom (57%) was most frequently investigated, followed by spider (16%), bee (16%), and sea anemone/scorpion venoms (10%).
- High heterogeneity observed in effects on sperm motility (I² = 97%) and concentration (I² = 95%), with a positive trend for concentration.
- All screened molecules demonstrated activity on estrogen receptors.
Conclusions:
- Animal venoms and their derivatives can modulate gamete functions, with effects varying based on toxin diversity and experimental models.
- Computational screening indicates potential interactions with hormonal pathways, highlighting venoms as relevant modulators of reproductive processes.
- Findings support the exploration of venoms for novel applications in reproductive medicine.
