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Updated: Jan 12, 2026

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Self-Healing and Reprocessable Soft Robots Using 3D Digital Light Printing.

Chenggang Yuan1, Yuqing Qin2,3, Miaomiao Liu1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|November 3, 2025
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed self-healing, recyclable soft robots using 3D printing. These robots can repair themselves after damage, showcasing advanced materials for sustainable and resilient robotic applications.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Robotics
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Soft robots offer safe human interaction but are prone to mechanical damage due to their compliant nature.
  • Developing resilient and sustainable soft robots with complex geometries remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize soft, self-healing, and recyclable robots with intricate air chambers using 3D digital light printing.
  • To investigate the use of dynamic vinylogous urethane chemistry for thermally triggerable self-healing and reprocessing in elastomers.
  • To evaluate the mechanical properties and self-healing efficiencies of the fabricated soft robots.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing 3D digital light printing with photoinitiated free-radical polymerization to create layered soft structures.
Keywords:
3D digital light printingadditive manufacturingreprocessable soft robotsself‐healing robotssoft robots

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  • Incorporating vinylogous urethane cross-linkers of varying chain lengths into the polymer network.
  • Characterizing elastomer tensile strength and elongation at break, and assessing robot performance after damage and self-healing.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved a tensile strength of 3.51 ± 0.1 MPa and elongation at break of 454 ± 56% in the synthesized elastomer.
    • Demonstrated excellent self-healing capabilities in printed soft grippers (94.5% efficiency) and crawlers (87.5% efficiency) after mechanical damage.
    • Successfully fabricated complex air-chambered soft robots exhibiting robust self-healing and recyclability.

    Conclusions:

    • Additive manufacturing of self-healing, recyclable soft robots with complex designs is feasible.
    • The developed dynamic chemistry approach enables thermally triggerable self-healing and reprocessing, enhancing robot durability.
    • This technology paves the way for sustainable and resilient soft robots capable of operating in demanding environments.