Intrathoracic appendicitis within a left-sided Bochdalek hernia: a case report

Bochdalek hernias are rare congenital defects usually diagnosed in infancy, and their presentation in adults is uncommon. Even rarer is the occurrence of acute appendicitis within a Bochdalek hernia; to date, only two adult cases have been reported, both involving right-sided or unspecified hernias. We describe a 21-year-old previously healthy man who presented with sudden left-sided chest pain and mild respiratory symptoms. Imaging identified a left posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia containing bowel loops and an inflamed appendix. He underwent emergency laparotomy with appendectomy and primary repair of the diaphragmatic defect without mesh due to contamination risk. Histopathology confirmed acute suppurative appendicitis. The patient's recovery was uneventful, and he remained well at follow-up. This case underscores the diagnostic challenge posed by atypical thoracic presentations of abdominal pathology and highlights the critical role of computed tomography in enabling timely surgical intervention.