Nanotherapeutics-induced pyroptosis for targeted cancer therapy: mechanistic insights and translational prospects
1Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Sector-67, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India.
Abstract:
Pyroptosis is an emerging immunogenic cell death pathway elicited by activated caspase and a perforating gasdermin protein. Distinctively, this mechanism manifests as pore formation, cell ballooning, and the release of intracellular content and calreticulin, thereby potentiating the immune infiltration in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Owing to its immunomodulatory function and tumour regression potential, pyroptosis has been clinically implicated in the treatment of cancer. Cutting-edge nanomedicines have empowered targeted and safer pyroptosis induction, thus diminishing the inherent pitfalls linked with traditional pyroptosis therapy. In this review, we detail the pathways of pyroptosis, therapeutic implications, and advances in nanotechnology-based pyroptosis therapy.
Insights
Pyroptosis, a programmed cell death, enhances anti-tumor immunity by releasing cellular contents. Nanomedicines offer targeted delivery for safer and more effective pyroptosis-based cancer therapies.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Oncology
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Pyroptosis is an inflammatory cell death pathway involving caspase activation and gasdermin pore formation.
- This process releases intracellular contents, including calreticulin, promoting immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment (TME).
- Pyroptosis holds significant potential for cancer treatment due to its immunomodulatory effects and tumor regression capabilities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanisms of pyroptosis.
- To discuss the therapeutic implications of pyroptosis in cancer treatment.
- To highlight advances in nanotechnology-based pyroptosis induction.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of pyroptosis pathways and mechanisms.
- Analysis of therapeutic applications of pyroptosis in oncology.
- Examination of nanomedicine strategies for pyroptosis induction.
Main Results:
- Pyroptosis triggers immune responses beneficial for cancer therapy.
- Nanomedicines enable targeted and safer pyroptosis induction, overcoming limitations of conventional methods.
- Advances in nanotechnology are expanding the potential of pyroptosis-based cancer treatments.
Conclusions:
- Pyroptosis is a promising immunogenic cell death strategy for cancer therapy.
- Nanotechnology integration enhances the efficacy and safety of pyroptosis induction.
- Targeted nanomedicines represent a significant advancement in pyroptosis-driven cancer treatment.
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