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This study introduces a novel algorithm for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of non-cooperative signals. The Incoherent conventional beamforming-coherent minimum variance distortionless response (ICBF-CMVDR) algorithm enhances robustness and accuracy in challenging acoustic environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustic signal processing
  • Array signal processing
  • Underwater acoustics

Background:

  • Non-cooperative signals in engineering lack analytical models.
  • Existing synthetic array methods struggle with signal ambiguity.
  • Traditional beamforming techniques have limitations in robustness and directional precision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address limitations in modeling non-cooperative signals.
  • To improve robustness and directional precision in beamforming.
  • To develop a novel algorithm for enhanced direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging Fourier transform properties for frequency-domain time alignment of virtual array elements.
  • Proposing the Incoherent conventional beamforming-coherent minimum variance distortionless response (ICBF-CMVDR) algorithm.
  • Utilizing simulations and sea trial data for validation.

Main Results:

  • The ICBF-CMVDR algorithm achieves excellent directivity and enhanced robustness.
  • Simulation shows a DOA estimation error of only 3° at -20 dB SNR.
  • Effective DOA estimation extends to -24 dB SNR, a significant improvement.
  • Sea trials demonstrated over 100s longer effective DOA estimation duration compared to existing methods.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed ICBF-CMVDR algorithm offers superior performance for DOA estimation.
  • The method effectively overcomes limitations of traditional beamforming techniques.
  • This advancement has significant implications for underwater unmanned vehicle applications and acoustic signal processing.