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Measurement of the Directional Information Flow in fNIRS-Hyperscanning Data using the Partial Wavelet Transform Coherence Method
Published on: September 3, 2021
Toeplitz-Hankel Structured Covariance Reconstruction for DOA Estimation of Coherent Sources with Coprime Arrays Under
Heng Zhao1, Ying Hu1, Zijing Zhang2
1Ocean College, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China.
Abstract:
Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation with coprime arrays can synthesize an enlarged virtual aperture from a limited number of physical sensors. However, coherent incident sources lead to rank deficiency of the source covariance matrix, while unknown nonuniform sensor noise mainly contaminates the zero-lag component of the difference-coarray covariance. These two effects jointly degrade conventional Coarray Root-MUSIC, Coarray ESPRIT, and interpolation-based virtual-array methods. To address this problem, this paper proposes a Toeplitz-Hankel structured covariance reconstruction method for coherent-source DOA estimation with coprime arrays under unknown nonuniform noise. The method first performs redundancy-aware difference-coarray lag averaging. The zero-lag component is then suppressed during missing-lag interpolation to reduce the bias caused by sensor-dependent noise powers. A Toeplitz positive semidefinite projection is used to enforce covariance validity, and a relaxed Hankel truncated-singular-value-decomposition refinement is introduced to enhance the low-rank spectral structure of the reconstructed virtual covariance sequence. Finally, multi-scale forward-backward spatial smoothing MUSIC is applied for coherent-source DOA estimation. Simulation results with a coprime array of M=4 and N=5 show that the proposed method provides more accurate and stable DOA estimates than Coarray Root-MUSIC, Coarray ESPRIT, and RV-TSI. Compared with CVX-based THSCR, the proposed method avoids semidefinite programming and nuclear-norm optimization and reduces the average runtime from approximately 11.2 s per trial to approximately 0.11 s per trial under the tested setting.
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