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Comparing the Perceived Realism and Adequacy of Venipuncture Training on an in-House Developed 3D-Printed Arm With a
Susan Gijsbertje Brouwer de Koning1, Amy Hofman2, Sonja Gerber3
13D Lab, Department of Computerization, Automation and Medical Technology (iMED), OLVG Hospital, 9 Oosterpark, Amsterdam, 1091 AC, The Netherlands, 31 020 599 91 11.
Background:
The venipuncture is one of the most frequently performed procedures in health care. Arm phantoms are available for training, because the procedure itself can be challenging. These phantom arms do not represent a realistic setting and do not offer opportunities to train challenging scenarios.
Objective:
This randomized, single-blind study aimed to train health care workers on both a commercially available injection arm and an in-house developed 3D-printed arm, to evaluate the perceived realism and adequacy of training on both arms.
Methods:
Participants were trained on both the commercially available arm (arm A) and the 3D-printed arm (arm B). Participants were randomized and blinded from knowing which arm they started training on. A questionnaire was filled in on, among others, the perceived realism of the arm (0 for not realistic, 100 for realistic) and adequacy of the training (inadequate, moderate, or adequate).
Results:
A total of 68 participants evaluated the perceived realism of arm A and B, which were scored on average 62.97 (SD 21.47) and 63.79 (SD 17.45), respectively. The difference in perceived realism of the two arms was not statistically significant (based on the paired t test, mean difference=-0.82, P=.78). Training on arm A was reported inadequate by 7% (5/68 participants), moderately adequate by 31% (21/68), and adequate by 62% (42/68). This was not significantly different from arm B (marginal homogeneity test, P=.74), with 4% (3/68), 38% (26/68), and 57% (39/68), respectively, reporting that the training was inadequate, moderately adequate, and adequate.
Conclusions:
The 3D-printed arm is as realistic and provides an equally adequate training compared to the commercially available arm. The 3D-printed arm offers the additional possibility to design different models representing several levels of difficulty for vascular morphology. This potentially lowers the number of venipuncture failures by preparing health care workers on challenging scenarios.
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