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Unveiling quantum phases in two-dimensional materials with optical quasiparticle probes
Bruno R Carvalho1, Victor Carozo2
1Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59078-970, Brazil. brunorc@fisica.ufrn.br.
Nanoscale
|November 5, 2025
Summary
Optical spectroscopies reveal quantum phenomena in 2D materials. This review highlights how phonons, magnons, excitons, and polaritons interplay, enabling new quantum technologies.
Area of Science:
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Materials Science
- Quantum Optics
Background:
- Two-dimensional (2D) materials host emergent quantum phenomena due to reduced dimensionality and interactions.
- Understanding spectral properties requires a unified framework for these effects, often studied in isolation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review advances in optical spectroscopies for studying quasiparticle interactions in 2D systems.
- To elucidate the interplay of phonons, magnons, excitons, and polaritons in 2D materials.
Main Methods:
- Raman spectroscopy to investigate charge density waves and dimensional confinement effects.
- Moiré excitons as probes for correlated phases in moiré heterostructures.
- Magneto-optical techniques (e.g., Magneto-Raman) to study spin dynamics and magnetic orders.
Main Results:
- Raman spectroscopy reveals tunable charge density wave transitions.
- Moiré excitons provide insights into carrier localization and exotic phases like Mott/Wigner crystallization.
- Magneto-optical methods expose magnon quasiparticles, spin-lattice coupling, and magnetic orders.
Conclusions:
- Optical probes offer non-destructive access to electronic and magnetic orders in 2D systems.
- These techniques facilitate the engineering of quantum phases.
- Advances pave the way for novel photonic, spintronic, and quantum technologies.
