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Breaking Bond-Strain Lockstep in Multielectron Anodes.

Shuting Sun1,2,3, Fang Chen1,2, Feike Pei4

  • 1School of New Energy, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|November 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers broke the negative feedback loop in multi-electron conversion-alloy anodes by implanting nickel into Sn4P3 interlayers. This strategy enhances stability and kinetics for high-capacity sodium-ion battery anodes.

Keywords:
bond‐strain rebalancinginterstitial atomic wedgingmulti‐electron conversion‐alloy anodessodium‐ion batterytin phosphide

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Multi-electron conversion-alloy anodes suffer from bond-strain negative feedback loops, leading to sluggish kinetics and capacity decay.
  • Strong covalent bonds in these anodes hinder lattice transformation during sodiation, causing strain accumulation and bond rupture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To break the pervasive bond-strain negative feedback loop in multi-electron conversion-alloy anodes.
  • To enhance the stability and kinetics of high-capacity anode materials for energy storage.

Main Methods:

  • Mechanochemical synthesis was used to implant nickel (Ni) into tin phosphide (Sn4P3) interlayers.
  • Interstitial atomic wedging by Ni atoms was employed to topologically pin migrating species and weaken Sn-P bonds.

Main Results:

  • The Ni-implanted Sn4P3 (Ni0.41Sn4P3) anode exhibited a high specific capacity of 958.9 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1.
  • The material demonstrated excellent structural integrity and an initial Coulombic efficiency of 93.6%.
  • Full cells achieved an energy density of 293.3 Wh kg-1.

Conclusions:

  • Interstitial bond-strain rebalancing and orbital-hybridized band engineering can overcome the trade-off between stability and kinetics in multi-electron reactions.
  • This strategy provides a generalizable materials design principle for developing high-energy-density storage systems.