Liposomes for epilepsy treatment: Toward better brain targeting and reduced toxicity

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder marked by recurrent, unprovoked seizures that can lead to cognitive impairment, psychiatric comorbidities, and reduced quality of life. While seizure control is critical for minimizing long-term neurological harm, conventional antiseizure medications (ASMs) are often hindered by limited brain penetration, systemic toxicity, and pharmacoresistance. Liposomal drug delivery systems offer a promising approach to overcome these limitations by enhancing central nervous system targeting, improving drug solubility and stability, and reducing off-target effects. Recent advances in surface-functionalized and immunoliposomes support site-specific delivery to epileptogenic regions and neuroinflammatory targets, contributing to more precise and better-tolerated therapies. Despite encouraging progress, important challenges remain in formulation optimization, targeting specificity, and clinical translation. Continued refinement of liposomal platforms may significantly advance personalized and effective epilepsy management.