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Digital Innovations for Clinical Assessment in Acquired Brain Injury: Scoping Review.

Carl O'Brien^1,2, Aoife Murray¹, Gerard McManus³

¹Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

Journal of Medical Internet Research

|November 5, 2025

Summary

Digital technologies show promise for assessing acquired brain injury (ABI) complications, but more rigorous studies are needed. Research gaps exist in evaluating diverse ABI complications and ensuring equitable access to digital health tools.

Keywords:

acquired brain injury clinical assessment digital health technology eHealth scoping review

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience and Rehabilitation Technology
Digital Health and Clinical Assessment

Background:

Acquired brain injury (ABI) presents significant global health challenges, with millions experiencing persistent cognitive, physical, and psychological deficits.
Limited access to timely assessment and care exacerbates ABI-related challenges.
Digital technologies offer potential for more accessible and scalable ABI assessment methods, though research scope is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct a scoping review identifying and synthesizing contemporary research on digital technologies for screening, assessing, and monitoring ABI complications.
To uncover trends, themes, and research priorities in the application of digital tools for ABI care.

Main Methods:

Systematic search of Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, and clinical trial registries (2013-2024) following PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
Included studies utilized digital health tools (smartphones, VR, telemedicine) for ABI complication assessment.
Excluded studies with bespoke hardware, nonhuman subjects, or review articles; data synthesis and domain mapping were performed.

Main Results:

88 studies met inclusion criteria, varying in design (cohort, cross-sectional, RCTs) with small median sample sizes.
Smartphone/tablet technologies were most common, followed by web-based platforms, telemedicine, and VR.
Digital tools showed promise for screening, monitoring symptoms, and assessing cognition/communication, often comparable to standard methods, but heterogeneity and limited validation were noted. Ethical concerns were underexplored.

Conclusions:

Current research provides an overview of digital technology use in ABI assessment but highlights a need for larger, more rigorous studies.
Significant gaps exist in assessing common ABI complications and validating tools across diverse populations.
Future research should address underexplored complications, broaden assessment scope, and include diverse populations to improve ABI outcomes.