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Direct Evidence for the Feedforward Neurovascular Coupling Mechanism in Humans During Task Onset: An EEG-fNIRS-TCD

Joel S Burma1,2,3,4,5,6,7, Matthew G Neill1,2,3,4,5,6,7, Elizabeth K S Fletcher1,2,3,4,5,6,7

  • 1Cerebrovascular Concussion Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
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Summary

This study reveals a feedforward mechanism in neurovascular coupling, where brain activity and microvasculature influence arteries during task onset. Factors like concussion history had minimal impact on these responses.

Keywords:
electroencephalographyfunctional near-infrared spectroscopyneurovascular couplingsex differencestranscranial Doppler ultrasound

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Neurovascular coupling (NVC) links neuronal activity to cerebral blood flow.
  • Understanding NVC is crucial for diagnosing neurological conditions.
  • Integrated assessment of neuronal, microvascular, and arterial function is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neurovascular coupling response using integrated EEG, fNIRS, and TCD.
  • To assess the influence of sex, age, fitness, concussion history, and learning disabilities on NVC.
  • To elucidate the temporal dynamics and directionality of NVC.

Main Methods:

  • 113 participants performed visual and motor tasks.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) measured neuronal activity.
  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) assessed microvascular oxygenation.
  • Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) measured arterial responses.
  • Granger causality analysis determined waveform predictiveness.

Main Results:

  • Unidirectional predictiveness observed from EEG-TCD (47-83%) and fNIRS-TCD (44-92%) during task onset.
  • Weak predictiveness found for EEG-fNIRS (0-29%) relationships.
  • Sex, age, and fitness influenced hemodynamic values (p < 0.050).
  • Concussion history and learning disabilities showed minimal influence (p > 0.050).

Conclusions:

  • Findings support a unidirectional feedforward NVC mechanism from neuronal and microvascular to arterial levels.
  • This mechanism is evident at task onset.
  • NVC dynamics are influenced by physiological factors but less so by concussion history or learning disabilities in this cohort.