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Maximizing waste heat recovery from a building-integrated edge data center
Mustafa Kuzay1, Ender Demirel2,3, Cagatay Yilmaz4
1Design and Simulation Tech. Inc, 26480, Eskisehir, Türkiye.
Scientific Reports
|November 5, 2025
Summary
This study presents a new algorithm to maximize waste heat capture from edge data centers by optimizing server workload distribution. This approach enhances energy efficiency and reduces environmental impact.
Area of Science:
- Energy Systems Engineering
- Thermal Management
- Sustainable Computing
Background:
- Small data centers generate waste heat usable for building energy systems.
- Integrating data centers into commercial buildings offers environmental and efficiency benefits.
- Optimizing heat capture from cooling coils is crucial for energy recovery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce a novel methodology for maximizing waste heat capture from cooling coils in edge data centers.
- To optimize workload distribution for enhanced thermal management.
- To improve the energy efficiency of data center operations.
Main Methods:
- Development of the Maximization of Outlet Temperatures Algorithm (MOTA) using a fast thermal evaluation approach.
- Experimental characterization of cooling system parameters (air/water flow rates, coil effectiveness).
- Multi-region conjugate heat transfer (CHT) numerical modeling and effectiveness-NTU method for heat transfer simulation.
Main Results:
- The MOTA algorithm improved heat recovery by up to 17.1% under various IT loads.
- Optimizing water flow rate reduced the cooling load by up to 53.2%.
- Validated CHT model showed good agreement between simulated and measured water temperatures.
Conclusions:
- The proposed MOTA algorithm demonstrates significant potential for energy-efficient data center management.
- Optimized workload distribution and water flow rate enhance waste heat capture and reduce cooling load.
- The study discusses the computational cost and real-world applicability of the algorithm.
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