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Water Interactions in Hydrated Aliphatic Polyester Composite Scaffolds.

Sacha Cavelier^1,2,3, Bronwin L Dargaville^2,3, Dietmar W Hutmacher^1,2,3,4,5

¹ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059, Australia.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|November 6, 2025

Summary

Understanding hydrated ceramic particle-polymer composites (CPPCs) is crucial for scaffold-guided bone regeneration (SGBR). This review explores hydration effects on CPPCs, guiding future scaffold design.

Keywords:

biomaterials bone tissue engineering ceramic particles composite crystallization hydration polymers temperature

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Materials Science
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Bone is a composite of mineralized and non-mineralized tissues, with hydration critical for its mechanical and physicochemical properties.
Scaffold-guided bone regeneration (SGBR) utilizes ceramic particle-polymer composites (CPPCs) to mimic bone's structure, but their behavior under physiological conditions is not fully understood.
The interplay between polymer chains, ceramic particles, and water significantly impacts composite properties like crystallinity, thermal behavior, and mechanical strength.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the molecular mechanisms of hyperelasticity in polymers, focusing on hydration and structural rearrangements.
To analyze interfacial mechanisms in hydrated CPPCs.
To provide insights for refining the manufacturing, design, and strategies for next-generation CPPCs in SGBR.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on polymer hyperelasticity, hydration effects, and interfacial phenomena in composites.
Analysis of existing research on ceramic particle-polymer composites (CPPCs) for bone regeneration applications.
Synthesis of information on multiscale physicochemical mechanisms in hydrated CPPCs.

Main Results:

Hydration significantly influences the mechanical and physicochemical properties of polymer-based composites.
Interfacial interactions between ceramic particles, polymer chains, and water molecules are complex and critical.
Understanding these interactions is key to optimizing composite performance for SGBR.

Conclusions:

A comprehensive understanding of multiscale physicochemical mechanisms in hydrated CPPCs is essential for advancing SGBR.
Future research should focus on elucidating hydration-dependent interfacial mechanisms to improve scaffold design.
This review provides a foundation for developing advanced CPPCs for enhanced bone regeneration therapies.