[Gynecomastia in males : Diagnostics and treatment]

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Oncology
• General Surgery

Background:

• Gynecomastia is a frequent condition in males, presenting across all age groups.
• It can stem from physiological changes, endocrine disorders, systemic diseases, or medication side effects.
• While typically benign, it necessitates differentiation from rare malignancies like male breast cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline the diagnostic approach for gynecomastia.
• To emphasize the importance of endocrine evaluation and neoplasm exclusion.
• To present treatment modalities for male breast enlargement.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical presentation and common etiologies of gynecomastia.
• Diagnostic workup including endocrine assessment and imaging for neoplasm exclusion.
• Evaluation of conservative and surgical management strategies.

Main Results:

• Gynecomastia is a common, often benign condition with significant psychological impact.
• Endocrine disorders and drug side effects are frequent causes.
• Male breast cancer is a rare but critical differential diagnosis requiring exclusion.

Conclusions:

• A thorough diagnostic evaluation is essential for gynecomastia.
• Identifying the underlying cause, particularly ruling out malignancy, guides treatment.
• Management strategies are tailored to the individual patient, ranging from observation to surgical intervention.