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Multi-timescale frequency-phase matching for high-yield nonlinear photonics
Mahmoud Jalali Mehrabad1,2, Lida Xu1,2, Gregory Moille1,2
1Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 6, 2025
Summary
Nested frequency-phase matching enables wafer-scale integrated nonlinear photonics. This passive scheme achieves 100% device yield for harmonic generation, overcoming fabrication challenges in silicon nitride (SiN) devices.
Area of Science:
- Integrated nonlinear photonics
- Nanophotonics
- Materials science
Background:
- Wafer-scale integrated nonlinear photonics faces challenges due to fabrication variations impacting strict frequency-phase matching.
- Existing nonlinear optical processes require precise control, limiting device yield and scalability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce a passive scheme, nested frequency-phase matching, to relax constraints in nonlinear optical processes.
- To demonstrate a scalable route for chip-scale nonlinear optics with high device yield.
Main Methods:
- Implementation of nested frequency-phase matching in a silicon nitride (SiN) coupled ring resonator lattice.
- Utilizing a two-timescale lattice design for passive harmonic generation.
Main Results:
- Achieved 100% multifunctional wafer-scale device yield for harmonic generation.
- Simultaneously generated ultrabroad bandwidth light across fundamental, second, third, and fourth harmonic bands.
- Demonstrated passive operation without geometry fine-tuning.
Conclusions:
- Nested frequency-phase matching successfully relaxes stringent phase-matching conditions, enabling high-yield wafer-scale fabrication.
- This approach establishes a scalable pathway for chip-scale nonlinear optics.
- Opens possibilities for integrated frequency conversion, metrology, and optical computing.
