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On-chip multi-timescale spatiotemporal optical synchronization.

Lida Xu¹, Mahmoud Jalali Mehrabad¹, Christopher J Flower¹

¹Joint Quantum Institute, Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

Science Advances

|September 12, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers achieved on-chip multi-timescale synchronization using topological photonics. This breakthrough enables nested mode-locked states with distinct fast and slow timescales for advanced optical applications.

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Area of Science:

Nonlinear optics
Topological photonics
Integrated photonics

Background:

Mode locking is crucial for advancements in metrology, spectroscopy, and communications.
Exploring mode locking in nonharmonic, multi-timescale regimes remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To realize on-chip multi-timescale synchronization using topological photonics.
To investigate nested mode-locked states with distinct fast and slow timescales.

Main Methods:

Design of a two-dimensional lattice of 261 coupled silicon nitride ring resonators.
Observation of multi-timescale mode locking signatures, including pump noise distribution and repetition beats.
Analysis of edge-confined states dynamics distinct from bulk and single-ring modes.

Main Results:

Successful realization of nested mode-locked states with fast (~1 THz) and slow (~3 GHz) timescales.
Observation of quadratic pump noise distribution across azimuthal mode families, confirming theoretical predictions.
Demonstration of near-transform-limited repetition beats and periodic temporal patterns on the slow timescale.

Conclusions:

Topological frequency combs offer a robust platform for independently tunable, lattice-scale synchronization.
This work opens new avenues for exploring the interplay between nonlinearity and topology in integrated photonics.
The findings pave the way for novel applications in optical metrology, spectroscopy, and communications.