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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum simulation

Background:

  • Continuous phase transitions in quantum many-body systems lead to emergent behaviors.
  • Quantum critical points are characterized by power law correlations with universal scaling dimensions.
  • Experimental challenges include decoherence, vanishing energy gaps, and boundary effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly observe power law correlations at quantum critical points.
  • To extract universal scaling dimensions experimentally.
  • To investigate quantum criticality in engineered quantum systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Rydberg quantum simulator to adiabatically prepare critical ground states.
  • Studied both one-dimensional ring and two-dimensional square lattice systems.
  • Accounted for and tuned system openness using a phenomenological length scale.

Main Results:

  • Directly observed power law correlations in the quantum simulator.
  • Successfully extracted the corresponding universal scaling dimensions.
  • Demonstrated the capability of Rydberg simulators for studying quantum criticality.

Conclusions:

  • Rydberg quantum simulators can experimentally probe power law correlations and scaling dimensions.
  • Tuning system openness is crucial for observing quantum critical phenomena.
  • This work provides a complementary approach to digital quantum circuits and the Kibble-Zurek mechanism.