Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Therapeutic Effects of FSN Treatment – Bridging Research and Clinical Applications in Neuropathic Pain
Published on: June 30, 2023
Executive Summary of the Vulvodynia Therapeutic Research Summit
Jill M Krapf1, Paul J Yong, Marlene D Berke
1Center for Vulvovaginal Disorders Florida, Tampa, Florida; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachussets; the Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center and Bar-Ilan University Faculty of Medicine, Nahariya, Israel; the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, the AIM Center for Personalized Medicine, Purchase, and the Centers for Vulvovaginal Disorders, New York, New York; San Diego Sexual Medicine, San Diego, California; the Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; the Center for Pelvic Medicine and Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Innovative Pain Care, Marietta, Georgia; and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, George Washinton University, Washington, DC.
Abstract:
The current treatment of provoked vestibulodynia involving neuroproliferation is often complete vestibulectomy; however, less invasive treatments are biologically plausible, yet lack study. The International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health, the National Vulvodynia Association, the Gynecologic Cancers Research Foundation, and Tight Lipped, a grassroots nonprofit organization that supports people with chronic vulvovaginal and pelvic pain, collectively sponsored a conference, the Vulvodynia Therapeutic Research Summit, held in April 2024. The primary objective of the Vulvodynia Therapeutic Research Summit was to identify options for further research of the treatment of provoked vestibulodynia through expert consensus. After the conference, attendees scored the presented therapeutics in rank order, leading to a hierarchy of merit. Fifteen therapeutic options were presented and ranked in order of most promising to least promising for further study on treating the neuroinflammation of provoked vestibulodynia. The top identified therapeutics for further research were: 1) ketotifen fumarate (mast cell stabilizer with potential to prevent mast cell activation), 2) resiniferatoxin (transient receptor vanilloid 1 agonist causing chemo-inactivation of nerve terminals), 3) specialized pro-resolving mediators or strategies to boost their levels (eg, maresin 1 and 1-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl-3-[1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl] urea), 4) luteolin (flavonoid with potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties), 5) alpha-lipoic acid (antioxidant with nerve-specific anti-inflammatory and mast cell stabilizing qualities), and 6) NGFR121W -SNAP IR700 trimer exposed to near-infared light (photoablation targeting nociceptors and sparing surrounding tissue). This executive summary describes the rationale for identifying specific pharmacologic agents and medical devices as targets for research directed toward treatment of the neuroinflammatory process found in the vestibular mucosa of provoked vestibulodynia.
Related Concept Videos
Clinical Trials: Overview
Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
Irritable Bowel Syndrome III: Medical and Nursing Management

