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Using genomic epidemiology to infer transmission dynamics in selected skilled nursing facility COVID-19 Outbreaks-Los

Brendan Q O'Shea1, Amanda Neikirk1, Zachary Rubin1

  • 1Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA.

American Journal of Infection Control
|November 6, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Implementing infection control measures in skilled nursing facilities is crucial for reducing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread. Outbreaks with multiple SARS-CoV-2 lineages lasted longer, highlighting the need for robust public health policies.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) are vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) introduction and transmission.
  • Effective infection control measures are essential to mitigate outbreaks in these settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of mandated infection control measures in SNFs.
  • To characterize SARS-CoV-2 outbreak duration based on the number of identified lineages.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in SNFs.
  • Characterization of outbreak duration correlated with the number of identified viral lineages.

Main Results:

  • Outbreaks with multiple SARS-CoV-2 lineages identified had a median duration of 35 days.
  • Outbreaks with a single SARS-CoV-2 lineage identified had a median duration of 27 days.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support the implementation of public health policies to minimize SARS-CoV-2 introduction into SNFs.
  • Enhanced vigilance and control measures are particularly important during periods of high community transmission.

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