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Everyday Consequences of Childhood Intermittent Exotropia

Reed M Jost1, Kartik Kumar2, Lori M Dao3

  • 1Pediatric Vision Laboratory, Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas.

Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility
|November 6, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Intermittent exotropia (IXT) significantly impacts children's quality of life and motor skills, affecting their self-perception. This condition extends beyond visual function, influencing overall development.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Intermittent exotropia (IXT) is a common childhood strabismus.
  • The impact of IXT on various developmental domains beyond visual acuity is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of intermittent exotropia (IXT) on eye-related quality of life (ERQOL), reading speed, motor skills, and self-perception in children.
  • To compare these outcomes with age-matched controls.
  • To analyze associations between IXT control and behavioral outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty-one children with IXT (4-13 years) were evaluated using the triple office control score.
  • Behavioral assessments included ERQOL (PedEyeQ), reading speed (Readalyzer), motor skills (MABC-2), and self-perception (SPPC).
  • Results were compared to 353 age-matched controls.

Main Results:

  • Children with IXT reported significantly lower ERQOL across all domains compared to controls.
  • Reading speed was comparable between groups.
  • Impaired manual dexterity and aiming/catching skills were observed in older children with IXT, alongside lower self-perception in multiple domains.

Conclusions:

  • Intermittent exotropia negatively affects children's quality of life, motor skills, and self-perception.
  • The findings underscore the broad developmental consequences of IXT, extending beyond visual impairments.
  • Early intervention may be crucial for mitigating these broader impacts.
Abstract

Keywords:
Intermittent exotropiamotor skillsquality of lifereadingself-perception

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