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Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Real-World Off-Label Use of Semaglutide for Weight Reduction: User Behavior, Effectiveness, and Satisfaction.

Ayman M Al-Qaaneh1, Eyad A Qunaibi2, Natalia A Al-Fraihat3

  • 1Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU), Al-Salt, 19117, Jordan.

Patient Preference and Adherence
|November 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Off-label Ozempic use for weight loss in Arab populations often involves self-initiation and irregular dosing. Despite this, many users achieved significant weight loss, highlighting the need for better patient guidance.

Keywords:
body weightpatient satisfactionreal-world evidencesemaglutideweight loss

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Endocrinology
  • Public Health and Epidemiology
  • Patient-Reported Outcomes

Background:

  • Off-label utilization of semaglutide (Ozempic®) for weight loss has significantly increased among Arab populations.
  • There is a lack of structured real-world data evaluating this trend.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the patterns of Ozempic utilization for weight reduction in Arab populations.
  • To assess the effectiveness and patient satisfaction associated with off-label Ozempic use for weight loss.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a validated bilingual questionnaire.
  • Data collected included demographics, initiation source, dose escalation, treatment duration, weight changes, and satisfaction.
  • Statistical analyses examined associations between various factors and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Over 30% of users self-initiated Ozempic, primarily influenced by social media and self-learning.
  • While most users (72.4%) used Ozempic solely for weight reduction, adherence to standard dosing and escalation protocols was low (20.3%).
  • Despite irregular use and early discontinuation in nearly 60% of those who stopped, mean weight loss exceeded 5% in most subgroups, and satisfaction correlated positively with weight loss.

Conclusions:

  • Off-label Ozempic use in Arab populations is marked by self-initiation, inconsistent dosing, and premature discontinuation.
  • Clinically significant weight loss was observed in a substantial number of users, even with non-standard usage patterns.
  • Structured patient counseling is crucial to optimize outcomes and ensure safe use of Ozempic for weight management.