Communication with Mechanically Ventilated Patients: Nurses' Perspectives and Practice

Background: Effective communication with mechanically ventilated patients is essential to delivering patient-centered care and ensuring psychological well-being. However, barriers such as limited verbal ability and lack of communication tools often challenge ICU nurses' ability to interact with these patients. This study aimed to assess the communication strategies used by ICU nurses in Jordan, with a focus on their knowledge, experience, and practice regarding augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) methods. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among ICU nurses from 11 hospitals in Jordan (governmental, private, and military). A validated 21-item questionnaire assessed communication strategies across four domains: traditional (unaided), aided (AAC), orientation, and assessment/planning. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Out of 240 invited nurses, 237 participated (98.75% response rate). Traditional unaided strategies (e.g., gestures, yes/no questions, slow speech) and assessment/planning techniques were most frequently used (median = 3.83 and 4.00, respectively), while aided AAC strategies (e.g., boards, electronic tools) were least utilized (median = 3.25). Within-group comparisons showed significant differences in communication practices across subgroups, particularly in relation to years of experience and education level (p < 0.05). Despite having time to listen to patients, many nurses reported lacking reliable communication methods. Conclusions: Jordanian ICU nurses predominantly rely on traditional communication methods when interacting with conscious mechanically ventilated patients, with limited adoption of aided AAC strategies. These findings highlight a pressing need for targeted nurse training, policy support, and improved access to AAC tools to enhance communication and patient outcomes in critical care settings.