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Flocking Phase Separation in Inertial Active Matter.

Nan Luo1,2, Longfei Li1, Mingcheng Yang1,2

  • 1Institute of Physics, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

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|November 7, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We observed flocking phase separation in millimeter-sized magnetic rollers, a novel collective motion in inertial active matter. This phenomenon, driven by inelastic collisions, has implications for biological flocks and robotic swarms.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics of complex systems
  • Active matter physics
  • Collective behavior studies

Background:

  • Large populations of motile agents exhibit complex collective behaviors.
  • Understanding emergent phenomena in active matter is crucial for both fundamental science and technological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate collective motion in inertia-dominated macroscopic agents.
  • To model and understand flocking phase separation in a system of magnetic rollers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a model system of millimeter-sized magnetic rollers with tunable behaviors.
  • Combined experimental observations with agent-based simulations and phenomenological theories.
  • Analyzed particle exchange dynamics and effective temperatures of coexisting phases.

Main Results:

  • Observed first-order flocking phase separation, with a uniform flock propagating through a gaseous phase.
  • Demonstrated distinct particle exchange dynamics and non-equilibrium effective temperatures in the flocking and gaseous phases.
  • Identified inelastic collisions as the driving mechanism for positive feedback between density and polar motion.

Conclusions:

  • Discovered a novel mode of collective motion in inertial active matter.
  • The findings provide insights into flocking phase separation driven by inelastic collisions.
  • Potential applications include controlling biological flocks and designing coordinated robotic swarms.