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Wideband Covariance Magnetometry below the Diffraction Limit.

Xuan Hoang Le1,2, Pavel E Dolgirev1, Piotr Put1,2

  • 1Harvard University, Department of Physics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

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|November 7, 2025
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This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a nanoscale magnetic sensing technique using two nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. This method achieves sub-diffraction spatial resolution for wideband magnetic signal correlation measurements.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum sensing and metrology
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Nanoscale magnetic field sensing

Background:

  • Measuring correlated magnetic signals with high spatial resolution is crucial for understanding complex condensed matter phenomena.
  • Conventional magnetic sensing techniques are often limited by the optical diffraction limit.
  • Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond offer promising nanoscale sensing capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate a novel method for measuring wideband magnetic signal correlations with nanoscale spatial resolution.
  • To achieve spatial resolution below the optical diffraction limit using NV centers.
  • To investigate high-frequency correlations and their associated dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond as spatially resolved nanoscale magnetometers.
  • Employed spectrally resolved inhomogeneous optical transitions for NV center readout.
  • Leveraged high-fidelity optical readout and long spin coherence times for sensitive measurements.

Main Results:

  • Achieved sub-diffraction spatial resolution for measuring correlated magnetic signals.
  • Demonstrated sensitivity of 15 nTHz^{-1/4} for megahertz-range noise correlations.
  • Enabled gigahertz-range noise correlation measurements via T_{1} relaxometry, revealing coherent and incoherent dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • The developed technique provides a powerful new tool for probing nonlocal correlations in condensed matter systems.
  • The ability to measure high-frequency correlations opens avenues for studying phenomena like superradiance.
  • This work advances nanoscale magnetic sensing and correlation spectroscopy.