Potential therapeutic use of Indian medicinal plants for preeclampsia management

Preeclampsia (PE), an adverse illness of pregnancy, poses significant risks to maternal and fetal health. Current management strategies focus on symptomatic relief and delivery, often neglecting the underlying pathophysiology. Indian medicinal plants, rich in bioactive compounds, offer a promising alternative by targeting oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation, which are primary contributors to PE. Hemidesmus indicus exhibits strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may help reduce systemic inflammation and oxidative damage. Allium sativum (garlic) is well known for its ability to enhance nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, promote vasodilation, and regulate blood pressure. Tribulus terrestris (Gokshura) supports cardiovascular health by stabilizing blood pressure and maintaining endothelial function. Curcuma longa (Turmeric) is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and endothelial-protective effects. Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) has adaptogenic and vasodilatory properties that contribute to improved vascular function and stress response. Rheum officinale (Rhubarb) has anti-inflammatory and vascular-protective effects, which may help improve maternal vascular health and reduce complications associated with PE. By addressing key pathological mechanisms, these medicinal plants offer a promising approach for PE management. Among these medicinal plants, Asparagus racemosus willd. (AR) (Shatavari) has gained significant attention due to its rich composition of saponins, flavonoids, and antioxidants. These bioactive compounds play a crucial role in enhancing NO production, reducing oxidative stress, and improving endothelial function in PE. While traditional use supports their benefits, rigorous research is needed to confirm efficacy, safety and dosage. Integrating these botanicals into modern therapeutic protocols could offer a holistic and cost-effective strategy for PE management, ultimately improving maternal and fetal health outcomes.